Both Norris and Milone talk about "cyberpolitical participation", but different forms of participation. Norris discusses whether or not the opportunities for "civic engagnment" created by the Internet can trigger a "virtual democratic revival". Milone on the other hand calls on "hacktivists" to help secure the "national infrastructure".
Should "hactivists" actually cooperate with their respective national governments (as suggested by Milone), or should they develop technologies designed to secure the infrastructure from surveillance by any government, including their own?
Is "hacktivism" a form of cyberpolitical participation that could support, or constrain, "democratization" in both the developed and developing worlds?
Before answering this question review either (or both) of the below "hactivist" organization websites and projects.
Hactivismo: http://www.hacktivismo.com/about/index.php
Hactivismo's ScatterChat software: http://www.scatterchat.com/
CitizenLab: http://www.citizenlab.org/
CitizenLab's Psiphon Software: http://psiphon.civisec.org/
The Nemes article listed in the syllabus is a typo, and should be disregarded, it is not assigned.
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